GEOLOGIC TIME SCALE

Major Divisions of  Geologic Time, boundaries in millions of years

 

ERA

PERIOD

CHARACTERISTICS

BEGAN ___ MILLION YEARS AGO

0

Cenozoic

Quaternary

Ice Age, modern humans appear

2

Tertiary

Abundant Mammals

66

Mesozoic

Cretaceous

First flowering plants; Mass extinction of Dinosaurs, ammonites, and others

144

Jurassic

First primitive birds; abundant dinosaurs

208

Triassic

First dinosaurs & small mammals, first conifer forests

257

Paleozoic

Permian

Mass extinction of trilobites & other marine animals

297

Carboniferous

Pennsylvanian: Fern forests, first reptiles

Mississippian: Large primitive trees

323

Devonian

First amphibians; fish diversity

360

Silurian

Early land plants; marine reefs

415

Ordovician

Jawless armored fish

438

Cambrian

First abundant complex marine life forms eg trilobites, Burgess Shale animals

490

Precambrian

Proterozoic

One celled organisms, bacteria, protistas

543

 

Archean

Oldest primitive fossils, bacteria

2500

Origin of the Earth: Coalescence of planetary debris

4600